Please see the research cited and discussed at: Vitamin D and the Immune System - how much vitamin D3 to take, by body weight and obesity status. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D is a huge risk factor for neurodegeneration: Vitamin D and the Immune System - how much vitamin D3 to take, by body weight and obesity status and (in pregnancy and early childhood) preeclampsia, pre-term birth, mental retardation, ADHD and autism: Vitamin D and the Immune System - how much vitamin D3 to take, by body weight and obesity status.
A good friend of mine died recently, in his mid-60s, from multiple system atrophy. I had not heard of this when I first learned of his severely disabling illness three years ago.
The etiology of multiple system atrophy is essentially the same as that of Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. All three involve misfolding (prion disease) of the same α-synuclein protein, which exists naturally in the brain. Ayers et al. 2022 https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2113489119 established that the difference between these three diseases (which are really three somewhat different sets of symptoms) is that the self-catalysing (prion) misfolding pattern is different for each of these three, though the researchers could not discover exactly what the misfolding patterns were.
When I first searched Google Scholar for “multiple system atrophy” and “vitamin D” it took me two or so minutes to find Ogura et al. 2021 Circulatory 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D as differential biomarkers between multiple system atrophy and Parkinson's disease patients - ScienceDirect who report that healthy controls averaged 26.8 ng/mL circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (half of what the immune system needs to function properly) while Parkinson’s disease patients averaged 13.4 ng/mL and multiple system atrophy patients 10.5 ng/mL. (Both p = 0.0001.)
Evatt et al. 2011: https://sci-hub.se/10.1001/archneurol.2011.30 found that the low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in PD etc. patients is not, or is perhaps only very slightly, due to reverse causation (the disease lowering the level). So the causality flows primarily or solely from low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to neurodegeneration.
Alzheimer’s disease and numerous other kinds of neurodegeneration follow the same pattern, as you can read from the research cited and discussed at: Vitamin D and the Immune System - how much vitamin D3 to take, by body weight and obesity status.
To see how much vitamin D3 to supplement, on average, per day, to ensure at least 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L = 1 part in 20,000,000 by mass) circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D all year round, according to body weight and obesity status, please see the recommendations of New Jersey Professor of Medicine Sunil Wimalawansa at: Vitamin D and the Immune System - how much vitamin D3 to take, by body weight and obesity status.
Low dose, 5mg/day, non-prescription lithium (orotate) supplementation may reduce dementia risk: Trace lithium levels in drinking water and risk of dementia: a systematic review | International Journal of Bipolar Disorders | Springer Nature Link, Lithium deficiency and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease | Nature, Low-Dose Lithium Supplements for Mental Health - SURUCHI CHANDRA M.D., Beyond its Psychiatric Use: The Benefits of Low-dose Lithium Supplementation - PubMed, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/opinion/sunday/should-we-all-take-a-bit-of-lithium.html.
Vitamin K2 supplementation may reduce the risk of neurodegeneration: Google Scholar, The emerging relationship between vitamin K and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of current evidence | Molecular Biology Reports | Springer Nature Link, Vitamin K2 Ameliorates Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation | Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology | Springer Nature Link, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378839625_The_Role_of_Vitamin_K_in_the_Development_of_Neurodegenerative_Diseases, Vitamin K2 AD prevention and treatment, Popescu 2021 https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/7/2206.
The above items mainly concern prevention, in the decades before the disease would become apparent if the neurodegenerative processes had continued. However, they are surely all relevant for treatment.
In 2022 I wrote some notes on potential treatments for neurodgenerative diseases such as Parkinsons disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple system atrophy etc. This is not a public page so please don’t link to it from any public page, where search engine spiders might find it. Advanced vitamin D topics - some people need much more D3 than normal, to suppress rheumatoid arthritis, multiple schelrosis, psoriasis, cluster headaches, migraine etc.; newly discovered vitamin D compounds This forum is password protected, so search engines cannot index what we write here.
This page links to indications that the high vitamin D3 supplementation Coimbra Protocol may help reverse Parkinsons disease, and so perhaps some or all of the other neurodegenerative diseases. For more on this protocol, and how it is effective against much the same broad set of autoimmune inflammatory disorders as helminthic therapy, please see: Advanced vitamin D topics - some people need much more D3 than normal, to suppress rheumatoid arthritis, multiple schelrosis, psoriasis, cluster headaches, migraine etc.; newly discovered vitamin D compounds.
Theres a video at: 3.1K views · 76 reactions | This is one of the first patients of Dr. Coimbra, 16 years with PARKINSON'S DISEASE and the COIMBRA PROTOCOL! André Linn's post in the group Protocolo Coimbra - Brasil.. “To the beginners in the Coimbra Protocol for Parkinson's, I publish here a video made today on my godfather's 80th birthday who, since 2004, when diagnosed with the pathology, has had the blessed doses of D3. He's the pianist! Cheers to all!" This patient is currently taking 50,000 IU a day. #coimbraprotocol #vitamind #parkinsonsdisease | Coimbra Protocol - Vitamin D which depicts a man playing the piano, after greatly improving his Parkinson’s disease condition thanks to the Coimbra Protocol. I have no way of checking the veracity of this, but I guess it is true since I can’t imagine why someone would create such a video and page except for genuine reasons.
There is peer-reviewed research on using fenbendazole and perhaps ivermectin to treat cancer: Google Scholar. Dr William Makis has a busy Substack, which is only accessible to paid subscribers, which focuses on this: https://makisw.substack.com. I have not tried to read and evaluate all this work. This search term points to articles he has written which are apparently testimonies from people, or their relatives, who have found that ivermectin and/or fenbendazole helps with dementia: Google Search
None of the above is medical advice. I am an electronic technician and computer programmer.